the judiciary. The resulting framework reconciles the theoretical literature of lobbying with the negative available … evidence on the impact of lobbying over legislative outcomes, and sheds light to the determinants of lobbying in separation …-of-powers systems. We provide conditions for judicial decisions to be sensitive to legislative lobbying, and find that lobbying falls …

get inside the black box of the lobbying process and inform our understanding of the relative importance of these two … views of lobbying. We exploit multiple sources of data covering the period 1999 to 2008, including: federal lobbying … lobbying does not fit the data well. Instead, maintaining connections to politicians appears central to what lobbyists do. In …

Has lobbying by financial institutions contributed to the financial crisis? This paper uses detailed information on … financial institutions' lobbying and mortgage lending activities to answer this question. We find that lobbying was associated … with more risk-taking during 2000-07 and with worse outcomes in 2008. In particular, lenders lobbying more intensively on …

We study the determinants of the dynamics of firm lobbying behavior using a panel data set covering 1998-2006. Our data … exhibit three striking facts: (i) few firms lobby, (ii) lobbying status is strongly associated with firm size, and (iii …) lobbying status is highly persistent over time. Estimating a model of a firm's decision to engage in lobbying, we find …

An extensive literature has studied lobbying by special interest groups. We analyze a novel lobbying channel: lobbying … politically motivated spenders of similar magnitude, stressing the economic importance of this lobbying channel. These findings …

policy--or policy entrepreneurship--can exert an independent effect on equilibrium outcomes even in the absence of changes in …