statutes that are more effective at preventing outsiders' entry and at mitigating price competition lead to less patenting. We … strongly restrict entry and price competition. We show that guilds that originated from medieval religious confraternities were … more likely to regulate entry and competition, and that the effect on patenting is robust to instrumenting guild statutes …

methods of compensation in shoe manufacturing, in a sector that faces severe import competition. During the 1970s - 1990s …

incumbent manufacturer transfer profits to retailers. If entry is accommodated, upstream competition leads to fierce down …- stream competition and the breakdown of RPM. Hence, via RPM, retailers internalize the effect of accommodating entry on the … effect of a retailer cartel. We also consider the effect of imperfect competition. Empirical and policy implications are …

in a hierarchy. The problem of designing an efficient policy to raise the status in this competition of a disadvantaged …

different compensation regimes. By varying the role that individual competition plays in setting the wage, we are able to … explore whether competition, by itself, can cause differential job entry. The data highlight the power of the compensation …

the effects of upstream competition vary with distance to frontier on a panel of 15 OECD countries and 20 sectors over …