operate as well as concentration in the agricultural biotechnology industry also emerged due to intellectual property rights …

, such as intellectual human capital, can predict where and when biotechnology enterprises emerge and agglomerate. Density … more conjectural than empirically tenable. We argue and demonstrate for biotechnology that an alternative model based on … essentially uncorrelated with the panel data on biotechnology entry by year and region while the combined model has correlation …

biotechnology enterprises: the number of products in development, the number of products on the market, and changes in employment …. The `star' concept which Zucker, Darby, and Brewer (1994) demonstrated was important for birth of U.S. biotechnology …

In this paper, we examine the determinants of control rights in technology strategic alliances between biotechnology … firms and pharmaceutical corporations, as well as with other biotechnology firms. We undertake three clinical studies and an …

The local academic science base plays a dominant role in determining where and when biotechnology is adopted by … pharmaceutical business -- biotechnology's most important application -- the performance enhancement associated with this … biotechnology, with the latter playing a somewhat larger role. De nova entry was determined similarly as if entry and organizational …

We analyze how variations in contractibility affect the design of contracts in the context of biotechnology research … agreements. A major concern of firms financing biotechnology research is that the R&D firms might use the funding to subsidize … maintaining broad property rights to the terminated project. The option right induces the biotechnology firm researchers not to …

which are threatened by persistent low performance. While all incumbent firms lagged the dedicated new biotechnology firms …