Medical and public health innovations in the 1940s quickly resulted in significant health improvements around the world …

We test the view the large differences in income levels we see across the world are due to differences in underlying … characteristics, i.e. fundamental forces, against the alternative that there are poverty traps. Taking geographical variables as … fundamental characteristics, we find that we can reject fundamental forces in favor of a poverty trap model with high and low …

This paper examines the central hypothesis of the influential Malthusian theory, according to which improvements in the … productivity and the level of technological advancement the analysis demonstrates that, in accordance with the theory …

introduction to the Old World from the Americas, to estimate the impact of potatoes on Old World population and urbanization. Our …

In theory, improvements in healthy life expectancy should generate increases in the average age of retirement, with …