interest group's campaign contributions to politicians. We uncover a robust hump-shaped relationship between the voting share … estimates of electoral uncertainty and politicians effectiveness as perceived by the interest groups. Our approach also …

Do politicians tend to follow a strategy of ambiguity in their policy positions or a strategy of reputational … outline a theory that considers conditions under which a politician would and would not prefer reputational development and …

campaign finance systems are considered: a full anonymity (FA) system in which neither the politicians nor the voters are … informed about the donors' ideal policies or levels of donations; a partial anonymity (PA) system in which only the politicians … which both the politicians and the voters are informed about the donors' ideal policies and donations. We find that donors …

This paper analyzes the effort allocation choices of incumbent politicians when voters are uncertain about politician … would strictly prefer to have a consensus policy implemented. As such, the desire of politicians to convince voters that … allocations. Transparency over the politicians' effort choices can re-enforce the distortions, and for some parameters can be bad …

When voters fear that politicians may have a right-wing bias or that they may be influenced or corrupted by the rich … right. Truly right-wing politicians respond by choosing more moderate, or even left-of-center policies. This populist bias … polarization between the policy preferences of the median voter and right-wing politicians; when politicians are indeed more likely …

We collect data on the rules and practices of financial and conflict disclosure by politicians in 175 countries …