homicide rate in the United States. The results document that increases in enforcement of drug and alcohol prohibition have … penalty -- does not alter the conclusion that drug and alcohol prohibition have substantially raised the homicide rate in the …

marijuana. Drawing on US data from 2002-2013, we find mixed evidence with regard to the cyclicality of illicit drug use. However …

This paper examines the effectiveness of drug courts to reduce the size of the incarcerated drug-offending population … that very few of those entering state prison in 2004 or jail in 2002 would have been eligible for drug diversion through … state drug courts. The policy implication is that drug courts and other diversion programs require substantial redesign if …

, drug use, police, and arrests in New York City. We use monthly data from 1970 through 1990 for New York City. We plot the … individual time series for five different non-drug crimes, arrest rates for these crimes, drug deaths, number of police officers …, and drug arrests in New York City. We find that drug usage, as proxied by drug deaths, increased from the mid-1980's to …

for drug offenses. Unlike other states, California has had a policy of mandatory diversion to drug treatment for non …-violent drug offenders since mid-2001 (Proposition 36). Using a rich dataset including current and prior criminal charges from 1995 … through 2005 in California, we examine whether disparities in court dispositions to prison and drug treatment between White …

Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs), which record a patient's opioid prescribing history. While few providers …

, we find that over a longer time horizon, reformulation stimulated illicit drug markets to grow and evolve. We compare …

Despite the significant cost of prescription (Rx) drug abuse and calls from policy makers for effective interventions … prescription drug monitoring (PDMP) programs which is a key policy targeting the non-medical use of Rx drugs. Based on objective … utilization rates by actually requiring providers to query the PDMP prior to prescribing a controlled drug, are significantly …

.0%). Macroeconomic shocks also increase the overall drug death rate, but this increase is driven by rising opioid deaths. Our findings …