argued that “fractured land” was responsible for China’s tendency toward political unification and Europe’s protracted … find that topography alone is sufficient, but not necessary, to explain polycentrism in Europe and unification in China …

complex picture. While Europe has experienced both systematic economic convergence and an increased coordination across …

in pro-European sentiments in the EU 15 countries. The 1992 Maastricht Treaty seems to have reduced the pro-Europe … the common currency. Europe seems trapped: there is no desire to go backward, no interest in going forward, but it is …

regions. Even in a free trade regime the removal of the restrictions on labor movements would benefit Europe as a whole by … increasing the GNP of Eastern and Western Europe. Interestingly, we also find that the resulting skilled migration (the so … benefit the workers remaining in Eastern Europe as well …

majority of those who have arrived in the UK from Eastern Europe have not come permanently. When surveyed only 9% said they … the flow of workers from Eastern Europe, the fear of unemployment has risen in the UK which appears to have contained wage … pressures. We argue that the influx of workers from Eastern Europe has tended to increase supply by more than it has increased …