competition from demand shocks in export markets – and the induced product mix reallocations – induce productivity changes within … the firm. We then empirically test for this connection between the demand shocks and the productivity of multi …-product firms exporting to those destinations. We find that the effect of those demand shocks on productivity is substantial – and …

may then force managers to improve the productivity of the firm in order to ensure survival. While this hypothesis has … competition shocks. We find that import competition leads to productivity increases in family-managed firms that are initially … unproductive. Productivity improvements are driven by family management as opposed to family ownership or non-managing family …

James A. Schmitz (2005) documents, in a well-known case study, a dramatic rise in productivity in the U.S. and Canadian … productivity to a change in work practices in the industry, as old negotiated union work rules were abandoned or modified. This … research formalizes a mechanism through which a rise in competition can lead to increased productivity in the iron-ore industry …

levels. In emerging countries, trade liberalization appears to spur productivity and innovation. In developed countries …