anticipate considerably lower earnings in subsequent years, even under the assumption of continuous employment after leaving …

absolute terms, correcting for purchasing power. The relatively high employment rates of less educated German youth combined …-German difference in employment rates …

and nonunion workers. It also presents estimates of union effects on employment for these groups, as well as their union … employment are negative for both groups and especially for blacks. As for the relative access to unionized employment, young … suggest that increasing the access of young blacks to unionized employment would improve their positions in the labor market …

, current performance, and race and sex is studied. OLS regressions of starting wages on current performance--which is measured … some time after the beginning of employment--indicate that minority workers are paid lower starting wages than white …

In this paper we review research findings from the 1980s and early 1990s on race and gender pay gaps. In addition. we … industrial composition of employment and in interindustry wage differentials on these gaps. The gender gap in pay was stable in … our review. Existing studies suggest that changes in wage structure. changing relative skill levels by race and sex. and …

-establishment cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to examine segregation by race and ethnicity at the level of …

factors and environments in explaining both cognitive and noncognitive ability differentials by ethnicity and race. Policies …