technological information. FDI is an alternate, potentially equally important channel for the mediation of such knowledge spillovers …. I introduce a framework for measuring international knowledge spillovers at the firm level, and I use this framework to … directly test the hypothesis that FDI is a channel of knowledge spillovers for Japanese multinationals undertaking direct …

traditional Western R&D hubs, resulting in two challenges for multinationals: (1) how to transfer knowledge across geographic … distances, and (2) how to facilitate learning when local knowledge sources in given technological areas are inadequate. This … teams – and in particular on teams in locations with insufficiently specialized local knowledge stocks – to facilitate …

Using application-level data from the Patent Office from 2001 to 2012, merged with personnel data on patent examiners …, we explore the extent to which the key decision of examiners—whether to allow a patent—is shaped by the granting styles … grant rate of her peer group, an examiner in her first two years at the Patent Office will experience a 0.15 standard …

An inventor's own knowledge is a key input in the innovation process. This knowledge can be built by interacting with … inventors using inventor knowledge. The evolution of an inventor's knowledge is explained through the lens of a diffusion model …, age-dependent source that captures alternative learning channels, such as learning-by-doing. Thus, our knowledge diffusion …

A large and growing literature has used patent and patent citation data to measure knowledge spillovers across …) model, this suggests that there are knowledge spillovers from the network. In some other nations, invention quality is less … formed by inventors as a mechanism for shaping and transmitting these knowledge flows. This paper utilizes an approach …

smaller cities. We analyze the idea inputs of nearly every US patent granted during 1836–2010. We find that a larger city size …

attempts to estimate the effects of intranational and international knowledge spillovers. Then, I provide new estimates of the … relative impact of intranational and international knowledge spillovers on innovation and productivity at the firm level, using … and allow for potentially much more accurate measurement of spillover effects. My estimates indicate that knowledge …

location, which has been taken as evidence of geographically localized knowledge spillovers. In this study, we find that patent …It is well known that patent citations occur disproportionately between patents issued to inventors living in the same … citations also occur disproportionately often in locations where the cited inventor was living prior to being issued the patent …

received over their careers, we highlight the impact of early U.S. patent institutions in providing broad access to economic … opportunity and in encouraging trade in new technological knowledge. Through setting low fees and establishing administrative … procedures for application, the United States deliberately created a patent system that allowed a much wider range, in …

technological knowledge. Relying on evidence compiled from patent records, we argue that the evolution of a market for technology … trade in patent rights was closely associated with increases in specialization at invention, as well as advances in rates of … invention more generally. The patent system is often celebrated for the stimulus to invention provided by granting limited …