We examine the effects of the interaction between lobbying and legislative bargaining on policy formation. Two systems … policies generated are not intermediate between policies that would result from pure lobbying or from pure legislative … contributions are very small, despite the fact that lobbying has a marked effect on policies …

We study the determinants of the dynamics of firm lobbying behavior using a panel data set covering 1998-2006. Our data … exhibit three striking facts: (i) few firms lobby, (ii) lobbying status is strongly associated with firm size, and (iii …) lobbying status is highly persistent over time. Estimating a model of a firm's decision to engage in lobbying, we find …

for the costs of political bargaining and lobbying that arise from implementing and administering government regulation …

This paper employs a novel data set on lobbying expenditures to measure the degree of within-sector political … organization and to explore the determinants of the mode of lobbying and political organization across U.S. industries. The data …