simplest form implies that Bitcoin prices form a martingale. We derive conditions, under which Bitcoin speculation cannot …

Much of the theoretical basis for current monetary and financial theory rests on the economic efficiency of financial …

a zero mean martingale difference against the alternative that it is linearly predictable. Under the null of no …

This paper proposes a method of testing whether a time series is a martingale. The procedure develops an asymptotic … theory for the shape of the spectral distribution function of the first differences. Under the null hypothesis, this shape … against particular alternatives. Application of the test to stock prices finds some evidence against the random walk theory …

article establishes a martingale representation for matching estimators. This representation allows the use of martingale … the theory, we derive the asymptotic distribution of a matching estimator when matching is carried out without replacement …

finer characteristics of these components such as the degree of activity of the jumps. We extend the existing theory to …