data from the Boston Police Department. Consistent with preference-based discrimination, our baseline results demonstrate …

African-American motorists may adjust their driving in response to increased scrutiny by police. In daylight, when …

allow police agencies to keep a substantial fraction of assets that they seize in drug arrests. By adjusting their own … allocations to police budgets, however, county governments can effectively undermine these incentives, capturing the additional … resources for other uses. We use a rich new data set on police seizures and county spending to explore the reactions of both …

quantity of policing activity. In Chicago, the number of police-civilian interactions decreased by almost 90% in the month … after the investigation was announced. In Riverside CA, interactions decreased 54%. In St. Louis, self-initiated police …

In March 2010, the Chicago Police Department changed its Taser policy, issuing the weapons to patrol officers instead … how the availability of Tasers affected the types of force employed by police, the total number of use-of-force incidents …, increased. Police injuries fell, but neither injury rates nor the number of injuries to civilians were affected. There is no …

We analyze data on NYPD's "stop and frisk program" in an effort to identify racial bias on the part of the police … latter are being stopped despite being a "less productive stop" for a police officer …

We report the first empirical estimate of the race-specific effects of larger police forces in the United States. Each … additional police officer abates approximately 0.1 homicides. In per capita terms, effects are twice as large for Black versus … white victims. At the same time, larger police forces make more arrests for low-level “quality-of-life” offenses, with …

This paper explores racial differences in police use of force. On non-lethal uses of force, blacks and Hispanics are … more than fifty percent more likely to experience some form of force in interactions with police. Adding controls that … factors are taken into account. We argue that the patterns in the data are consistent with a model in which police officers …