We construct credit risk indicators for euro area banks and non-financial corporations. These are the average spreads … on the yield of euro area private sector bonds relative to the yield on German federal government securities of matched …-financial and financial firms increasingly reflect national rather than euro area financial conditions. Consistent with this view …

now highly-sensitive GIIPS group and other European country groupings (EU and Euro Area excluding GIIPS, and the non … in GIIPS to other euro countries is not evident once own-country credit rating changes are taken into account …

The introduction of the euro on 1 January 1999 created the conditions for an integrated government bond market in the … euro area. Using a unique data set from the electronic trading platform Euro-MTS, we consider what is the benchmark' in … complex pattern of benchmark status in euro-area government bonds …

others used the gravity model on a much smaller data set to estimate the effects of the euro on trade among its members. The … that were estimated in the euro's first four years hold up in the second four years? The answer is yes. Second, and more … explanations for the gap between 15% and 200%. First, lags. The euro is still very young. Second, size. The European countries are …

. The main issue we focus on is how the euro may alter the responsiveness of consumer prices to exchange rate changes. Our … central conjectures is that the acceptance of the euro will lead European prices to become more insulated from exchange …

At a time of historic challenges to the viability of the Eurozone, we assess the contribution of the EU and the Euro to … between member countries whether or not members have also adopted the Euro. The Euro adoption as well as the anticipation of … the Euro adoption has minimal effects on market integration …

The creation of the euro should now be recognized as an experiment that has led to the sovereign debt crisis in several … exist in most Eurozone countries. Although the European Central Bank managed the euro in a way that achieved a low rate of … monetary union. The emergence of these problems just a dozen years after the start of the euro in 1999 was not an accident or …