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When is Prevention More Profitable than Cure? The Impact of Time-Varying Consumer Heterogeneity
Kremer, Michael - 2013
We argue that in pharmaceutical markets, variation in the arrival time of consumer heterogeneity creates differences between a producer's ability to extract consumer surplus with preventives and treatments, potentially distorting R&D decisions. If consumers vary only in disease risk, revenue...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013085502
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Why are Drugs More Profitable than Vaccines?
Kremer, Michael; Snyder, Christopher M. - 2021
In a simple representative consumer model, vaccines and drug treatments yield the same revenue for a pharmaceutical manufacturer, implying that the firm would have the same incentive to develop either ceteris paribus. We provide more realistic models in which the revenue equivalence breaks down...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013227867
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"Generic Entry and the Pricing of Pharmaceuticals"
Frank, Richard G.; Salkever, David S. - 2022
During the 1980s the share of prescriptions sold by retail pharmacies that was accounted for by generic products roughly doubled. The price response to generic entry of brand-name products has been a source of controversy. In this paper we estimate models of price responses to generic entry in...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014158702
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Vaccine Supply : Effects of Regulation and Competition
Danzon, Patricia M. - 2011
In US vaccine markets, competing producers with high fixed, sunk costs face relatively concentrated demand. The resulting price and quality competition leads to the exit of all but one or very few producers per vaccine. Our empirical analysis of exits from US vaccine markets supports the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013122642
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Using Implementation Intentions Prompts to Enhance Influenza Vaccination Rates
Milkman, Katherine L. - 2011
intentions on realized behavioral outcomes. The outcome of interest is influenza vaccination receipt at free on-site clinics … listed the times and locations of the relevant vaccination clinics. Mailings to employees randomly assigned to the treatment … and time the employee planned to be vaccinated. Vaccination rates increased when these implementation intentions prompts …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013122874
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Financing Vaccines for Global Health Security
Vu, Jonathan - 2020
Recent outbreaks of infectious pathogens such as Zika, Ebola, and COVID-19 have underscored the need for the dependable availability of vaccines against emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). The cost and risk of R&D programs and uniquely unpredictable demand for EID vaccines have discouraged...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012833126
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Estimating Probabilities of Success of Vaccine and Other Anti-Infective Therapeutic Development Programs
Lo, Andrew W. - 2020
A key driver in biopharmaceutical investment decisions is the probability of success of a drug development program. We estimate the probabilities of success (PoSs) of clinical trials for vaccines and other anti-infective therapeutics using 43,414 unique triplets of clinical trial, drug, and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012833746
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Does Disease Cause Vaccination? Disease Outbreaks and Vaccination Response
Oster, Emily F. - 2016
Childhood vaccinations are an important input to disease prevention, but vaccination rates have declined over the last … impact. Anecdotal evidence on disease outbreaks suggests that they may prompt vaccination behavior. I use newly compiled data … vaccination rate increases among children at school entry following an outbreak in the year prior. A large outbreak in the county …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012985902
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Creating Markets for New Vaccines Part I : Rationale
Kremer, Michael - 2021
Malaria, tuberculosis, and the strains of HIV common in Africa kill approximately 5 million people each year. Yet research on vaccines for these diseases remains minimal largely because potential vaccine developers fear that they would not be able to sell enough vaccine at a sufficient price to...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013217594
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Creating Markets for New Vaccines Part Ii : Design Issues
Kremer, Michael - 2021
Several programs have been proposed to improve incentives for research on vaccines for malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV, and to help increase accessibility of vaccines once they are developed. For these programs to spur research, potential vaccine developers must believe that the sponsor will not...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013249143