, these interventions, both individually and jointly, are chosen and undertaken ex post. The costs of liquidation and …

The costs of government assistance to banks depend on the way rescues are managed. The cnetral questions of policy … benefits and reduce the costs of government support for banks …

, are the most overt costs of war. They are also relatively short-lived. The costs of war borne by combatants and their … that a significant component of the public costs associated with U.S. wars are long-lived. One third to one half of the … total present value of historical war costs have been absorbed by benefits distributed over the remaining life spans of …

;L crisis on interest rates is small, the increased cost of financing the public debt adds significantly to the total costs …