Open borders imply systems competition. This paper studies the implications of systems competition for the national … competition rules. It is shown that an equilibrium where all countries retain their antitrust laws does not exist, since … profits. Instead of such an equilibrium, a deregulation race is likely to emerge in which all but the last country repeal …

capacity on competition among" generators. We show that there may be no relationship between the effect of a transmission line …" in spurring competition and the actual electricity that flows on the line. We then investigate the" equilibria that are … relatively small investments in transmission may yield surprisingly large" payoffs in terms of increased competition …

markets. Deregulation has been accompanied by substantial market consolidation and today the three largest companies control … more than one-third of all U.S. nuclear capacity. We find that deregulation and consolidation are associated with a 10 …

techniques relative to matched plants that were not subject to any regulatory change. Deregulation also led to a shift toward …