We develop an economic framework for valuing improvements to health and life expectancy, based on individuals …' willingness to pay. We then apply the framework to past and prospective reductions in mortality risks, both overall and for … about half of average annual GDP over the period. Reduced mortality from heart disease alone has increased the value of life …

consumption. We investigate whether an aggregate health production function can help to explain the substantial fluctuations in … the rate of increase in longevity since 1960. We view longevity as the output of the health production function, and … models using annual U.S. time-series data on life expectancy, health expenditure, and medical innovation. Reliable annual …

Economists use micro-based and macro-based approaches to assess the effects of health on economic growth. The micro … economic return on health. We reconcile these two strands of literature by showing that the point estimate of the macroeconomic … effect of health is quantitatively close to that found by aggregating the microeconomic effects, when carefully specifying …

-specific policies introduced by competing risks of mortality. The incentive to invest in prevention against one cause of death depends … positively on the level of survival from other causes. This means that a specific public health intervention has benefits other … than the direct medical reduction in mortality: it affects the incentives to fight other diseases so the overall reduction …

health, there is more inequality in the world than if we consider income alone. Such international inequalities in life … hope that economic growth will improve people's health as well as their material living conditions. I argue that the … poverty reduction, there is no evidence that it will deliver automatic health improvements in the absence of appropriate …

This paper revisits the relationship between health and growth in light of modern endogenous growth theory. We propose … mortality below age forty generates productivity gains, which in turn may explain why the positive correlation between health … a unified framework that encompasses the growth effects of both the rate of improvement of health and the level of …

In this survey of recent research in health economics, I concentrate on studies that have appeared since 1971 or are in … are covered: (1) demand for adults' health and medical care; (2) effects of health on labor supply and wage rates; (3 …) demand for children's health and medical care and (4) selected topics pertaining to the supply side of the medical care …

Various health-, quality-, and disability-adjusted life year or life expectancy (HALY, QALY, DALY; HALE, QALE, DALE …) measures have become gold standards for defining outcomes in technology evaluation, population health monitoring, and other … QALEs used for population health monitoring are typically concerned with population expectations of such measures (or their …

birth cohorts observed from 1975 to 1995. We assume that health status is determined by social status, defined as income … relative to the mean income of a reference group. When reference groups are not observed, health is a function of income whose … cyclical increases in income may raise mortality, even when the long-run effects of income are in the opposite direction. There …

caused by worsening health in old age. Our model explains the long-run decline in the age of retirement as an income level … effect. We show that improvements in health and longevity tend to increase the desired retirement age, though less than …