We consider three questions related to the choice between war in Iraq and a continuation of the pre-war containment … war more or less costly for the United States than containment? Second, compared to war and forcible regime change, would … a continuation of the containment policy have saved Iraqi lives? Third, is war likely to bring about an improvement or …

encompass the emergence of fully liberal political and social theory, and an early version of liberal political practice, in …

Although most disputes between groups of people are settled peacefully, sometimes disputes result in war. This lecture … have to contend, and on the permanence of the outcome of a potential war. The lecture also contrasts the possibilities for …

This paper measures the effects of the risk of war on nine U.S. financial variables using a heteroskedasticity …-based estimation technique. The results indicate that increases in the risk of war cause declines in Treasury yields and equity prices …, a widening of lower-grade corporate spreads, a fall in the dollar, and a rise in oil prices. This war risk factor …

Why do wars occur? We exploit a natural experiment to test the longstanding hypothesis that leaders declare war because … they fail to internalize the associated costs. We test this moral hazard theory of conflict by compiling data on 9 …,210 children of 3,693 U.S. legislators who served in Congress during the four conscription-era wars of the 20th century: World War …

powers, the government was able to fund the war by borrowing and levying taxes. In major wars, however, there came a point …