This paper employs a novel data set on lobbying expenditures to measure the degree of within-sector political … organization and to explore the determinants of the mode of lobbying and political organization across U.S. industries. The data …

sectors. We explain this with a lobbying model that allows for entry and sunk costs. Specifically, policy is influenced by … pressure groups that incur lobbying expenses to create rents. In expanding industry, entry tends to erode such rents, but in …

paper explains persistent protection in terms of the interaction between industry adjustment, lobbying, and the political … to lobbying. By introducing an explicit lobbying process, it can be shown that the level of tariffs is an increasing … function of past tariffs. Since current adjustment diminishes future lobbying intensity, and protection reduces adjustment …