This paper analyzes the short-run trade effects of retaliatory tariffs against agriculture and food exports from the … United States. The results indicate that these tariffs caused a substantial decline in U.S. agriculture and food exports and …

We study the macroeconomic consequences of tariffs. We estimate impulse response functions from local projections using …. The effects on output and productivity tend to be magnified when tariffs rise during expansions, for advanced economies …, and when tariffs go up, not down. Our results are robust to a large number of perturbations to our methodology, and we …

This paper considers the effects of trade policy--tariffs and quotas--when importing is done by competitive traders who … conventional ranking of tariffs and quotas is turned on its head: quotas are not as bad for welfare as previously believed, while … tariffs may restrict trade by more than originally intended. Furthermore, the allocation of property rights (quota licenses …

This paper analyzes some aspects of the effects of trade restrictions (such as tariffs, quotas and quality controls … reasonable characterizations of demand - tariffs are shown to dominate quotas on the basis of their revenue effects alone, while … quotas are shown to dominate tariffs on the basis of their quality effects alone. Also, quality controls are shown to …