U.S. paper dollar had become 'as good as gold.' These outcomes emerged from how the U.S. federal government financed …

Over time, there has been a tendency for political jurisdictions and residents to converge on a single currency … uniform currency, insofar as it is free of counterparty and liquidity risk, facilitates economic activity. But will digital … maintain their stability is doubtful. The one unit that can clearly meet these challenges is central bank digital currency. But …

attempted to manage a successful common currency when sub-national political entities were allowed to have separate currencies … and run independent monetary policies. Congress created a common currency that was too large to use in ordinary … transactions. Congress hoped this currency would be held for post-war redemption and would not circulate as money during the war …

countries in the world moved to the gold standard following in the footsteps of Bismarck? The answer is no. By 1875 bimetallism … would have been unviable, and the US return to convertibility in 1879 would have made it impossible to sustain true …

instead to the structure of global portfolios and international financial markets. The literature on currency mismatches, in …

domestically or borrow abroad in terms of the domestic currency. We conduct an historical case study for a group of countries that … their debt history relating the currency to the place of issue, exploring the residency of those holding local and foreign … currency debt and looking at the maturity of domestic debt in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. We find that sound fiscal …

A central assumption of open economy macro models with nominal rigidities relates to the currency in which goods are … priced, whether there is so-called producer currency pricing or local currency pricing. This has important implications for … exchange rate pass-through and optimal exchange rate policy. We show, using novel transaction level information on currency and …

the topics addressed include: the relationship between exchange rate regimes and growth, the costs of currency crises, the … alternative exchange rate arrangements, and the effects of the recent global "currency wars" on exchange rates in commodity …