Using data on over 420,000 first time Dutch mothers, we examine the effects of postpartum antidepressant use on a wide …

effects of pregnancy and childbirth on women's ability to work, while the introduction of infant formula reduced mothers …

This paper explores a novel mechanism of gender identity formation. Specifically, we explore how the work behavior of a … teenager's own mother, as well as that of her friends' mothers, affect her work decisions in adulthood. The first mechanism is … gender identity formation, has so far been overlooked. Accordingly, our key theoretical innovation is how the utility …

are achieved at zero financial cost. Survey evidence suggests that these single-sex effects reflect both direct gender …

sons and daughters, having few or no older brothers results in earlier weaning. Third, these gender effects peak as mothers … suggest that the gender gap in breastfeeding explains 14 percent of excess female child mortality in India, or about 22 … breastfeeding decisions and test the model's predictions using survey data from India. First, we find that breastfeeding increases …