The theoretical debate over whether countries can and should set tariffs in response to the foreign export elasticities … exists no evidence about whether countries actually exploit their market power in trade by setting higher tariffs on goods … countries that are not members of the World Trade Organization systematically set higher tariffs on goods that are supplied …

This paper considers the effects of trade policy--tariffs and quotas--when importing is done by competitive traders who … conventional ranking of tariffs and quotas is turned on its head: quotas are not as bad for welfare as previously believed, while … tariffs may restrict trade by more than originally intended. Furthermore, the allocation of property rights (quota licenses …

gaps between importer- and exporter-reported trade vary systematically with GDP, tariffs and taxes, auditing standards …

puzzle. We emphasize how earlier literature reports high optimal tariffs in numerical calculation (of a hundred of percent … calculate optimal tariffs both with and without retaliation in a series of observationally equivalent models, and explore the … model, and show sharply decline optimal tariffs, which suggests that trade retaliation incentives effectively disappear with …