function of patent characteristics, university policy, and inventor fields in order to examine the extent to which outside …

to the "Eco-Patent Commons", which provides royalty-free access to third parties to patented climate change related … investigate the motives of the contributing firms as well as the potential for such commons to encourage innovation and diffusion … knowledge management that combine open innovation and patenting …

product market competition interact with the strength of patent rights. We provide empirical evidence of innovation responding …, that patent protection can complement competition in inducing innovation …Can patent protection and product market competition complement each other in enhancing incentives to innovate? In this …

existence of strong patent laws encourage innovation? And 2) May patent laws influence the direction - as opposed to the rate …What is the optimal system of intellectual property rights to encourage innovation? Empirical evidence from economic … to address problems with the current patent system: 3) How do patent pools, as a mechanism to mitigate litigation risks …

Patent pools, which allow competing firms to combine their patents, have emerged as a prominent mechanism to resolve … tolerance under the New Deal to investigate the effects of pools on innovation within 20 industries. Difference … discourage innovation by weakening competition to improve substitutes …

on patents as an incentive for innovation, the effectiveness of patents for invention disclosure, patent valuation, and … what we know about the design of patent systems. We also look at what is known about some current policy areas, including … software and business method patents, university patenting, and the growth in patent litigation …

the effects of a patent pool on innovation. Contrary to theoretical predictions, the sewing machine pool appears to have …Members of a patent pool agree to use a set of patents as if they were jointly owned by all members and license them as … a package to other firms. Regulators favor pools as a means to encourage innovation: Pools are expected to reduce …

quality, follow-on innovation. Winning a first patent boosts a startup's subsequent growth and innovation by facilitating ….S. Patent Office since 2001, we find that startups that win the patent “lottery” by drawing lenient examiners have, on average …, 55% higher employment growth and 80% higher sales growth five years later. Patent winners also pursue more, and higher …

How do non-practicing entities ("Patent Trolls") impact innovation and technological progress? Although this question …", who exploit the patent system to extract rents and thereby hurt innovation. We employ unprecedented access to NPE …-derived patent and financial data, as well as a novel model that guides our data analysis. We find that NPEs acquire patents from …

We study the causal impact of patent invalidation on subsequent innovation and exit by the patent holder. The analysis … is based on patent litigation at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and exploits the random allocation of … judges to control for endogeneity of the judicial decision. Invalidation causes the patent holder to reduce subsequent …