to better employment opportunities in the city, and also generate the following spillovers: (a) A higher density of …

Data on 2,355 married women from the 2006 China Health and Nutrition Survey are used to study how female employment … affects fertility in China. China has deep concerns with both population size and female employment, so the relationship … between the two should be better understood. Causality flows in both directions. A conceptual model shows how employment …

To understand the elasticity of employment to local labor demand shocks, we develop a quantitative general equilibrium … local employment elasticities differ substantially across U.S. counties and commuting zones in ways that are not well … around 3.3 percent and employment reallocations from -20 to 30 percent …

observations on most businesses located in California. The evidence indicates that enterprise zones do not increase employment. We … also find no shift of employment toward the lower-wage workers targeted by enterprise zone incentives. We conclude that the …

We estimate the effects of Wal-Mart stores on county-level retail employment and earnings, accounting for endogeneity … employment results indicate that a Wal-Mart store opening reduces county-level retail employment by about 150 workers, implying … retail employment. The payroll results indicate that Wal-Mart store openings lead to declines in county-level retail earnings …

Evidence on the implementation of India's National Rural Employment Guarantee Act suggests that the available work is … when the center wants to honor the employment guarantee. Two main drivers of such rationing are identified: local …

not adjust back down. This ratcheting effect generates a 9% reduction in employment levels. Inflation enables downward …

three years. The program quarantees 100 days of employment per year at minimum wage to each rural household on demand, with … employment impact on various types of crimes, ranging from burglary to kidnapping to riots. We show that the program acts as an … for jobs under the program. Controlling for rainfall, we find that employment generated by the program has a negative …