We develop and apply a procedure to flexibly estimate intra-national border barriers and intra-regional trade costs … is rather small. Bilateral distance imposes much larger inter-provincial trade costs. Contiguity between provinces … accounts for little. Intra-regional trade cost variation affects relative bilateral costs and trade flows, and alters …

, are the most overt costs of war. They are also relatively short-lived. The costs of war borne by combatants and their … that a significant component of the public costs associated with U.S. wars are long-lived. One third to one half of the … total present value of historical war costs have been absorbed by benefits distributed over the remaining life spans of …

attendance for recent high school cohorts in both the U.S. and Canada using data from the 1997 Cohort of the National … income in Canada relative to the U.S., even after controlling for family background, adolescent cognitive achievement, and … generous to low-income youth than are Canadian policies. By contrast, Canada offers more generous aid to middle-class youth …

Canada and the United States. The simulation model determines the perfect foresight transition path of an economy in which … handling changes in demographics and fiscal policies, the model can be run for closed or open economies.In comparing Canada … interest rates obtained from the U.S. simulations are then used in the Canadian simulations. In the Canada simulations, Canada …

paper discusses the results of an exceptionally good natural experiment that has been provided by Canada and the U.S. over …

in Canada. We empirically assess these trends by measuring the strength of the ‘push' from weak labor markets versus the … the growth path observed in Canada …

We compare patterns of unemployment and joblessness between Canada and the U.S. during the Great Recession. Similar to … previous findings for the U.S. in Kroft et al. [2016], we document a rise in long-term unemployment in Canada. This increase is … the extended matching model, we create a new historical vacancy series for Canada based on relative employment in …

similarly, although in Canada they attract immigrant and highly-skilled workers more, while raising housing costs less. Chinese …We examine local labor markets in the U.S. and Canada from 1990 to 2011 using comparable household and business data …. Wage levels and inequality rise with city population in both countries, albeit less in Canada. Neither country saw wage …