Total pollution emitted by U.S. manufacturers declined over the past 30 years by about 60 percent, even though real …, which itself may result from increased net imports of pollution-intensive goods (quot;international tradequot;). I first … show that most of the decline in pollution from U.S. manufacturing has been the result of changing technology, rather than …

expenses incurred to satisfy these regulations, such as investment in pollution abatement capital, is unproductive in terms of … paper we construct a model which explicitly recognizes the difference between pollution abatement capital and "productive … the bias resulting from regulation. We measure the bias for the manufacturing sectors of three countries, the U.S., Canada …