product market competition interact with the strength of patent rights. We provide empirical evidence of innovation responding …, that patent protection can complement competition in inducing innovation …Can patent protection and product market competition complement each other in enhancing incentives to innovate? In this …

innovation distinguishing between "dirty" (internal combustion engine) and "clean" (e.g. electric and hybrid) patents across 80 … tax-inclusive fuel prices. Furthermore, there is path dependence in the type of innovation both from aggregate spillovers … and from the firm's own innovation history. Using our model we simulate the increases in carbon taxes needed to allow …

to gauge how efficiency in the patent market affects growth …

The pace of innovation is related both to the level of investment in innovation and the pool of knowledge from which … and design of IPR affects the extent to which any innovation adds to or subtracts from the pool of ideas that are … lead to a lower pace of innovation, and more generally, that long run effects may be the opposite of the short run effects …

An inventor's own knowledge is a key input in the innovation process. This knowledge can be built by interacting with … of our new innovation-led endogenous growth model, in which innovations are produced by heterogeneous research teams of … model nests inside the innovation-based endogenous growth model. We estimate the model, which fits the data very closely …

We model early expectations about the value and technological importance ('quality') of a patented innovation as a … latent variable common to a set of four indicators: the number of patent claims, forward citations, backward citations and … important. Our measure of quality is significantly related to subsequent decisions to renew a patent and to litigate …

This paper summarizes a number of studies which use patent data to examine different aspects of technological change … estimation of the value of patent rights based on European patent renewal data; and describes the use of patent data to estimate … the importance of R&D spillovers. It concludes that patent data represent a valuable resource for the analysis of …

engaging in infringement. Our empirical analysis shows that on average, NPEs appear to behave as opportunistic patent trolls … ability to defend themselves against litigation. We find that NPE litigation has a real negative impact on innovation at … innovation in the industries in which they are most prevalent …

While policymakers often assume venture capital has a profound impact on innovation, that premise has not been … address concerns that these results are an artifact of our use of patent counts by demonstrating similar patterns when other … measures of innovation are used in a sample of 530 venture-backed and non-venture-backed firms …

fertility of an innovation in generating more innovations cannot be observed. The menu of patent scope can be implemented with …It may be advantageous to provide a variety of kinds of patent protection to heterogenous innovations. Innovations … protection in order to be encouraged. We model the problem of designing an optimal patent menu (scope and length) when the …