Using newly-constructed spatially-disaggregated data for London from 1801-1921, we show that the invention of the steam … find that removing the entire railway network reduces the population and the value of land and buildings in London by up to … 51.5 and 53.3 percent respectively, and decreases net commuting into the historical center of London by more than 300 …

This study provides new evidence on the impact of air pollution in a high-pollution high-mortality setting: London over … London's famous fog events, which trapped emissions in the city. My results show that acute pollution exposure due to fog … events accounted for at least one out of every 200 deaths in London during this century. I also provide the first well …

We examine the ill-health retirement of police officers in the forces of England and Wales between 2002-03 and 2009 …-specific differences in human resources policies. Reforms to police pension plans - in particular a shift in the incidence of financing ill …-health retirement from central government to local police authorities - occurred in the mid-2000s. We show these measures impacted on …

This paper examines the consequences of the 2015 reform on the London fixing in the interbank forex market, which …

West Germany's external debt and create a series of favourable debt repayment conditions. The London Debt Agreement (LDA …

This paper uses an original data set of more than 3000 cases from 1918 to 1926 in the Central Criminal Courts of London …

in Scotland are no worse than in England or Wales. Detailed analysis within Scotland, however, shows that social capital …

that municipal autonomy shaped national institutions over the subsequent centuries. We focus on England after the Norman … the Great Reform Act of 1832. Finally, we compare England's institutional path to Continental Europe and discuss the …

The historical fertility transition is one of the most important events in economic history. This study provides new … famous Bradlaugh-Besant trial that took place in England in 1877, which revolved around the morality of family planning, and …