interest of Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs). We model both the CRA conflict of understating credit risk to attract more business …, and the issuer conflict of purchasing only the most favorable ratings (issuer shopping), and examine the effectiveness of …

We examine the mechanics of deterrence and intervention when fear is a motive for conflict. We contrast results … distinguish predatory and preemptive incentives as determinants of conflict. We show that while weapons have an unambiguous …

this goal conflict, this paper develops two hypotheses. First, in times of financial-sector stress, political pressure is …

Policymakers can take actions to prevent local conflict before it begins, if such violence can be accurately predicted …

conflict when defense capability is fixed, but may allow for security and prosperity when defense capability is endogenous … of conflict and stagnation. We illustrate the model by analyzing the rise of civilization in Sumeria and Egypt, the first …

conjecture that increasing female property rights increased conflict within household and this increased conflict resulted in … with asymmetric information and costly conflict is consistent with these findings …

American politics have been characterized by a high degree of partisan conflict in recent years. Combined with a … this end, I construct a novel high- frequency indicator of partisan conflict. The partisan conflict index (PCI) uses a … may help explain the slow recovery observed since the 2007 recession ended. Partisan conflict is also associated with …

fractionalization or polarization across ethnic groups, has been pivotal to the emergence, prevalence, recurrence, and severity of … for public goods and redistributive policies, and the degree of fractionalization and polarization across ethnic …