productivity-related: if the virus forces firms to shed labor beyond a certain threshold, productivity suffers. The second … collateral. Expected productivity determines collateral value; in turn, collateral value can limit borrowing and productivity. As … borrowing and low employment and productivity. The model helps identify policies to fight the effects of the pandemic …

The dismal decade of 2010-19 recorded the slowest productivity growth of any decade in U.S. history, only 1.1 percent … per year in the business sector. Yet the pandemic appears to have created a resurgence in productivity growth with a 4 ….1 percent rate achieved in the four quarters of 2020. This paper provides a unified framework that explains productivity growth …