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This paper examines student exposure to school shootings in the United States since the 1999 shooting at Columbine High School. We analyze shootings that occurred during school hours on a school day and resulted in a death. These shootings are likely to be uniformly reported and have a greater...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012841923
While over 240,000 American students experienced a school shooting in the last two decades, little is known about the impacts of these events on the mental health of surviving youth. Using large-scale prescription data from 2006 to 2015, we examine the effects of 44 school shootings on youth...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012857808
Police use of force – particularly lethal force – is one of the most divisive issues of the twenty-first century. To understand the nexus of race, criminal justice, and police brutality, academics and journalists have begun to amass impressive datasets on Officer-Involved-Shootings (OIS). I...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012929545
Soon after beginning operations, the Federal Reserve established a nationwide network for collecting information about the economy. In 1919, the Fed began tabulating data by about retail sales, which it viewed as a fundamental measure of consumption. From 1920 until 1929, the Federal Reserve...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013135054
The spending obligations and revenue sources of colonial New Jersey's provincial government for the years 1704 through 1775 are reconstituted using forensic accounting techniques from primary sources. Such has not been done previously for any British North American colony. These data are used to...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013022924
Although most disputes between groups of people are settled peacefully, sometimes disputes result in war. This lecture … have to contend, and on the permanence of the outcome of a potential war. The lecture also contrasts the possibilities for …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013231438
populations engage in conflict over borders and resources, and may form non-aggression pacts, military alliances, and political …This paper reviews the economics approach to conflict and national borders. The paper provides a summary of ideas and …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013149984
design by exploiting the within-state variation in law adoption. We find no evidence of deterrence; burglary, robbery, and …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013105463
conflict when defense capability is fixed, but may allow for security and prosperity when defense capability is endogenous …. Some economic shocks and military innovations deliver security and prosperity while others force societies back into a trap … that could protect surplus (“security”). But the joint achievement of security and prosperity had to escape a paradox …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013009442
cooperation. We show that a judicious allocation of asset ownership can help by reducing the incentives to engage in hold up. In …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012759758