-country heterogeneity. Inertia looms large as differences in the literacy of the old generation explain about half of the observed spatial …

literacy and health on the migration propensities of African Americans from 1870 to 1910. I find that literacy and health … selection effect of literacy on migration is reduced by one-tenth to one-third once health is controlled for. The low levels of …

deviations, leading to child gains in early literacy of about 0.11 standard deviations. The results point to the salience of …

free blacks (pre-1865), and their children and grandchildren. The outcome measures include literacy, whether a child …

We exploit a natural experiment to estimate the causal impact of parental education on educational outcomes of their … children when they are high school seniors. In 1968, the Taiwanese government extended compulsory education from 6 to 9 years …

This paper studies the effect of mothers' education on fertility in a population with very low female labor force … lacked schools and, as a consequence, significantly increased the education of affected cohorts, mainly of girls. The very … spousal labor-force participation and earnings as mechanisms in this fertility decline. Spousal education increased however …

education spending on learning outcomes that do not account for optimal household responses are likely to be considerably biased … if used to estimate parameters of an education production function …

A growing body of work suggests that education offers a wide-range of benefits that extend beyond increases in labor … market productivity. Improvements in education can lower crime, improve health, and increase voting and democratic … participation. This chapter reviews recent developments on these 'non-production' benefits of education with an emphasis on …