, openness to trade, and public indebtedness. Based on a novel quarterly dataset of government expenditure in 44 countries, we …

Over the past decades, the steel industry has been protected by a wide variety of trade policies, both tariff- and … quota-based. We exploit this extensive heterogeneity in trade protection to examine the well-established theoretical …

This paper explores the combined effects of reductions in trade frictions, tariffs, and firing costs on firm dynamics … model that links trade to job flows in a new way. The fitted model captures key features of Colombian firm dynamics and …

A currency union's ability to increase international trade is one of the most debated questions in international … macroeconomics. This paper studies the dynamics of these trade effects. First, an empirical study of the European Monetary Union … finds that the extensive margin of trade (entry of new firms or goods) responds several years ahead of overall trade volume …

Empirical scholarship on the standards-trade relationship has been held up due to methodological challenges …: measurement, varied effects, and endogeneity. Considering the trade-effects of one particular standard (ISO 9000), we surmount …-signaling augmenting country-pair trade. Yet, ISO-rich nations (most notably European) benefit the most from standardization, while ISO …

This paper discusses the size of impact of carbon motivated border tax adjustments on world trade. We report numerical … simulation results which suggest that impacts on welfare, trade, and emissions will likely be small. This is because proposed …) general equilibrium structure which captures energy trade and has endogenously determined energy supply so that global …

A structural gravity model is used to estimate barriers to services trade across many sectors, countries and time …

empirically important determinants of trade policy? To address these questions, we introduce supply chain linkages into a … workhorse terms-of-trade model of trade policy with political economy. Theory predicts that discretionary final goods tariffs … test these predictions using newly assembled data on bilateral applied tariffs, temporary trade barriers, and value …

We study the consequences of protectionism for macroeconomic fluctuations. First, using high-frequency trade policy … data, we present fresh evidence on the dynamic effects of temporary trade barriers. Estimates from country-level and panel …. Moreover, protectionism has at best a small positive effect on the trade balance. Second, we build a small open economy model …

international trade, and barriers to contract enforcement. We find that the same reform can have very different effects on other … economic outcomes, depending on the types of distortions present. In our model, we find that reforms to trade barriers and … barriers to the entry of new firms are substitutable, as are reforms to contract enforcement and trade barriers. In contrast …