Political and economic transition is often blamed for Russia's 40% surge in deaths between 1990 and 1994. Highlighting … the campaign's end explains a large share of the mortality crisis - implying that Russia's transition to capitalism and …

econometric identification problems. Furthermore, using data from the late 90s from transition Russia, it is argued that one …

under favorable and unfavorable fossil-fuel price regimes. The model includes Russia, the U.S., China, India, the EU, and …This paper develops a large-scale, dynamic life-cycle model to simulate Russia's demographic and fiscal transition … Japan+ (Japan plus Korea). The model predicts dramatic increases in tax rates in the U.S., EU, India, and Russia. Indeed …

The main focus of this paper is on the process and progress of economic reform in Russia. But I start with four … historical questions that bear on the current situation. How advanced was Russia in 1913? What relevance, if any, does the New … 1970s and 1980s? What role did Gorbachev's policies play in bringing about the final collapse of the Soviet Union? Russia …

) by the Nazis during World War II and long-run economic and political outcomes within Russia. Cities that experienced the … it induced in the social structure, in particular the size of the middle class, across different regions of Russia …

Despite a vast accumulation of private capital, China is not embracing capitalism. Deceptively familiar capitalist … introduces the chapters comprising the NBER volume Capitalizing China (Fan and Morck, eds. 2012), which examine China's high … consider policy alternatives the CCP might consider if its goal is China's elevation into the ranks of high income countries …

As China transforms from a socialist planned economy to a market-oriented economy, its returns to education are … for education: the China Compulsory Education Law of 1986. We use differences among provinces in the dates of effective … implementation of the compulsory education law to show that the law raised overall educational attainment in China by about 0.8 years …