productivity markers in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil's financial center and the most populous city in South America today … infant mortality and sex ratios at birth in 1920 (the short-run). We find robust evidence of persistent effects on health …

mortality rates. This is true compared to the distance to universities that offer only business or medical education (or neither …

expectancy has shifted consistently in the recent past. But reductions in mortality within Brazil have been more homogeneously …This paper describes the pattern of reductions in mortality across Brazilian municipalities between 1970 and 2000, and … in mortality. The results suggest that gains in life expectancy had a welfare value equivalent to 39% of the growth in …

daily deaths from COVID-19 fixed, what was the impact of vaccines on cumulative mortality from COVID-19 up through June 2023 … behavioral responses to COVID-19 deaths on cumulative mortality from COVID-19 over this same time period? In answering the first … question, I find that vaccines saved 748,600 lives through June 2023. That is, without vaccines, cumulative mortality from …

The demographic transition --the move from a high fertility/high mortality regime into a low fertility/low mortality …

how people use advance information to reduce mortality from heat and cold. Theoretically, more accurate forecasts reduce … mortality if and only if mortality risk is convex in forecast errors. We test for such convexity using data on the universe of … mortality events and weather forecasts for a twelve-year period in the U.S. Results show that erroneously mild forecasts …

mortality data. By December 2021, the quartile rankings of three-fifths of the countries differ when ranked by excess vs …. official mortality. Countries that are ‘doing substantially better’ in the excess mortality are characterized by higher urban …

-2018, mainly due to mortality declines among Black Americans. We examine age-specific mortality trends and racial gaps in life … greatest impact on the racial life expectancy gap. The causes that contributed the most to Black mortality reductions included … by 2036. European life expectancy also stalled after 2014. Still, the comparison with Europe suggests that mortality …

This article estimates the mortality cost of smoking based on the first labor market estimates of the value of … statistical life by smoking status. Using these values in conjunction with the increase in the mortality risk over the life cycle … life cycle, produces an estimate of the private mortality cost of smoking of $222 per pack for men and $94 per pack for …