the market for quality. However, inadequate risk adjustment of report-card measures often biases comparisons across …

purchase used assets which are less durable than new assets and adopt less durable, low quality assets, that are otherwise … fraction in less durable, low quality assets. There is a critical distinction between the pledgeability and durability of …

A low-quality patent system threatens to slow the pace of technological progress. Concerns about low patent quality are … not have been issued. This paper proposes a new Bayesian method for measuring patent quality, based on twin patent … applications granted at one office but refused at another office. Our method allows us to distinguish whether low-quality patents …

We study the impact on the skill premium of increases in the quality of goods consumed by households (“trading up …”). Our empirical work shows that high- quality goods are more intensive in skilled labor than low-quality goods and that … household spending on high-quality goods rises with income. We propose a model consistent with these facts. This model accounts …

Improving school quality with limited resources is a key issue of policy. It has been suggested that instructing … and not for the most deprived. Based on the CLASS instrument we document that quality of teacher-student interactions is …

large effects on the quality of care that patients receive, and that all of these effects persist for several years. Our … results suggest that switching to higher-quality PCPs could significantly affect patients' longer-run health outcomes …

on unobserved teacher quality (as in the standard empirical Bayes approach), our nonparametric estimator permits the …