) by the Nazis during World War II and long-run economic and political outcomes within Russia. Cities that experienced the … it induced in the social structure, in particular the size of the middle class, across different regions of Russia …

Political and economic transition is often blamed for Russia's 40% surge in deaths between 1990 and 1994. Highlighting … the campaign's end explains a large share of the mortality crisis - implying that Russia's transition to capitalism and …

countries, to Russia's earlier history, and to Russia's income distribution today? Careful weighing of an eclectic data set … of European Russia. In 1904, on the eve of military defeat and the 1905 Revolution, Russian income inequality was … States, and Russia itself. We also note how the interplay of some distinctive fiscal and relative-price features of Imperial …

This paper examines the effect of banking on economic growth in modern Russia. To overcome simultaneity and selection …

. This paper uses a panel dataset from Russia, an economy in which consumer loans grew at an astounding rate - from about US … consumer borrowing increased very rapidly in Russia, the authors find that only 41% of respondents demonstrate understanding of …

(namely, from Cyprus and British Virgin Islands) across Russia and compare them with the benchmark group of genuine foreign … investors in Russia. We further study the determinants of the fraction of round-trip investment in total foreign investment in … large fraction of round-trip investment in Russia is concentrated in real estate and financial sectors, our results point to …

developing economies circa 1910: Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC). These four countries encompassed more than 50 percent of …

future receipts is called its fiscal gap.This study estimates Russia's 2013 fiscal gap at 890 trillion rubles or $28 trillion …. This longterm budget shortfall is 8.4 percent of the present value of projected GDP. Consequently, eliminating Russia … that the Russia's energy resources are finite, whereas its expenditure needs are not. Moreover, Russia is aging and facing …

This paper studies structural transformation of Soviet Russia in 1928-1940 from an agrarian to an industrial economy … through the lens of a two-sector neoclassical growth model. We construct a large dataset that covers Soviet Russia during 1928 …-1940 and Tsarist Russia during 1885-1913. We use a two-sector growth model to compute sectoral TFPs as well as distortions and …