been employed in prior research. Our instrument leverages the interaction between changes in the demand for college due to …

arts, teaching, and academic and research-oriented occupations. In other business-oriented fields such as management and …

We explore the determinants of research specialization across countries and its consequences for relative wages. Using … research regardless of trade barriers or research productivity. As long as trade barriers are not too high, faster diffusion … shifts research activity toward the country that does it better. This shift in research activity raises the relative wage …

Scientific knowledge is believed to be the wellspring of innovation. Historically, firms have also invested in research … to fuel innovation and growth. In this paper, we document a shift away from scientific research by large corporations … also find that the value attributable to scientific research has dropped, whereas the value attributable to technical …

This chapter reviews academic research on the connections between agglomeration and innovation. We first describe the … conceptual distinctions between invention and innovation. We then describe how these factors are frequently measured in the data …, industrial diversity) that theoretical and empirical work link to innovation, and we discuss factors that help sustain these …

We develop a model of induced innovation where research effort is a function of the death rate, and thus the potential … innovation based on differences in disease prevalence across population subgroups (i.e. race). Our model yields three empirical … predictions. First, initial death rates and subsequent research effort should be positively correlated. Second, research effort …

We investigate rewards to R&D in a model where substitute ideas for innovation arrive to random recipients at random …

-by-step innovation. Innovations result from costly R&D investments and move technology up one step. Competition is inversely measured by …-and-neck. All these results are consistent with the predictions of step-by-step innovation models …

Intelligently allocating research effort and funds requires deciding whether to build on recent advances or on more … established knowledge. When recent advances create superior opportunities for invention, their adoption as research inputs in the … invention process promotes technological progress. The gains from pursuing such innovative research paths may, however, be very …