We explore the relationship between proximity of buyers and sellers and the organizational form of outsourcing …. Outsourcing can be "contractual" in which suppliers undertake specific investments or involve "generic" market transactions …

reduce the relative prevalence of FDI or foreign outsourcing. The impact on the composition of offshoring depends on whether … of these organizational forms. Better contracting institutions in the South raise the prevalence of offshoring, but may …

We construct a model of offshoring with externalities and firm heterogeneity. Due to the presence of externalities …, temporary shocks like the Y2K problem can have permanent effects, i.e., they can permanently raise the extent of offshoring in … an industry. Also, the initial advantage of a country as a potential host for outsourcing activities can create a lock in …

outsourcing decisions are affected by changes in country and competitor costs. A number of interesting regularities emerge. When a … developed countries. In many cases, the measured responses to cost changes appear to correspond with outsourcing theories that …

We examine the impact on U.S. labor markets of offshore outsourcing in services to China and India. We also consider … positive effects of inshoring and smaller negative effects of offshore outsourcing. The net effect is positive. To illustrate … how small the effects are, suppose that over the next nine years all of inshoring and offshore outsourcing grew at rates …

In this paper, we develop a simple model of international outsourcing and apply it to processing trade in China. We …

When materials offshoring is measured by estimating imported intermediate inputs, a common assumption used is that an … the 3-digit I-O industry level, there is a correlation of 0.68 between the offshoring shares made with and without the …

U.S. manufacturing employment. Our findings suggest that offshoring by multinationals was a key driver of the observed …

-intensive industries? We provide a decomposition of US manufacturing GHG emissions and find no evidence of offshoring either to or from the …