fatality probability. Estimation results further suggest that the fatality risk is even higher if the striking vehicle is a … light truck (SUV, pickup truck, or minivan). We calculate that the value of the external risk generated by the gain in fleet …

-contribution (DC) plans that typically contain a minimum benefit guarantee (DC-MB). Risk management techniques must be used to control …-funding is very effective in controlling guarantee costs in traditional DB plans, it is highly ineffective for DC-MB plans. This … the Samp;P500. Calculations show that the true risk-adjusted value of unfunded guarantees in a realistic DC-MB plan equals …

emissions. In the near-term, R&D investments, either by government or the private sector, can bring down the costs of these … technologies under uncertainty. Specifically, given two technologies, one with lower costs at present, but the other with greater …

) suggests that the decision to commit crime involves a weighing of both benefits and costs, implying that both tough and soft … of at-risk populations, including in particular efforts to improve the social-cognitive skills of justice …

resolved crises if they monitor the worker. If monitoring costs are positive but sufficiently small, for a range of …