-specific quotas following China's entry into the World Trade Organization. Chinese import competition had two effects: first, it led … effect on innovation. We develop a simple "trapped factor" model of innovation that is consistent with these empirical …

This paper documents the major transformation of higher education that has been underway in China since 1999 and … evaluates its potential global impacts. Reflecting China's commitment to continued high growth through quality upgrading and the … China has been grown at approximately 30% per year since 1999, and the number of graduates at all levels of higher education …

This paper exploits a tax reform on manufacturing firms in China to study the impact of taxes on firm innovation. The … innovation. Moreover, the reform has a bigger impact on firms that are financially constrained and firms that engage more in tax …

Governments are important financiers of private sector innovation. While these public funds can ease capital … China, where a quarter of firms' R&D expenditures come from government subsidies. Using a difference-in-differences approach … for innovation programs strengthened the relationship between firms' historical innovative efficiency and subsequent …

the allocation and impacts of innovation subsidies, using the data from the China Employer Employee Survey (CEES). We find … that the innovation subsidies are preferentially allocated to state owned firms and politically connected firms. Of these … also find that the firms that receive innovation subsidies file and receive more patents, are more likely to introduce new …

The competitive shock to the U.S. manufacturing sector spurred by rising China import competition could either catalyze … or stifle innovation. Using three distinct sources of variation to identify rising trade exposure, we provide a causal …-level and technology class-level patent production. Accompanying this fall in innovation, global employment, sales …

relatively favorable demographic pattern in combination with market-oriented reforms and openness to the world economy, China is … on its ability to generate productivity increase, and domestic innovation will be an important part of it. In this paper …, we assess the likelihood that China can make the necessary transition. Using data on expenditure on research and …

-run growth by increasing the profit from innovation. In the short run, factors of production must be reallocated inside firms …, which lowers the opportunity cost of innovation, generating an additional trapped factor effect. Starting from a baseline … OECD growth rate of 2% we find that trade integration with low-wage countries in the decade around China's WTO accession …

Public equity is an important source of risk capital, especially in China. The Chinese government has occasionally … innovation activity both during the delay and for years after listing. Negative effects on tangible investment and positive … that corporate innovation is cumulative and is negatively affected by policy uncertainty …

Increasingly, a small number of low-wage countries such as China and India are involved in innovation -- not `big ideas …' innovation, but the constant incremental innovations needed to stay ahead in business. We provide some evidence of this new … innovation in low-wage countries. We explain why levels of involvement in innovation vary across low-wage countries and even …