credit, which provides tax incentives for R&D conducted by small private firms. Difference in difference estimates show a …

Individuals involved in basic research, like other workers, respond to incentives. Funding agencies provide implicit … incentives when they specify the rules by which awards are made. The following analysis is an exercise in understanding … incentives at an applied level. Specific rules are examined and analyzed to determine their incentive effects. For example, what …

randomized field experiments among 2,687 microentrepreneurs in Chile. The first experiment finds that self-help peer groups are a …

We develop a model of induced innovation where research effort is a function of the death rate, and thus the potential … innovation based on differences in disease prevalence across population subgroups (i.e. race). Our model yields three empirical … population as a whole, induced innovation leads to growth in mortality disparities between minority and majority groups. Using …

We investigate rewards to R&D in a model where substitute ideas for innovation arrive to random recipients at random … that private incentives to create socially valuable options can be achieved by giving higher rewards where "ideas are …

This chapter reviews academic research on the connections between agglomeration and innovation. We first describe the … conceptual distinctions between invention and innovation. We then describe how these factors are frequently measured in the data …, industrial diversity) that theoretical and empirical work link to innovation, and we discuss factors that help sustain these …

-by-step innovation. Innovations result from costly R&D investments and move technology up one step. Competition is inversely measured by …-and-neck. All these results are consistent with the predictions of step-by-step innovation models …

-produced penicillin, antimalarials, and a flu vaccine. We draw on this episode to discuss the economics of crisis innovation. Since the …