Chile from 1991-98. Previous empirical assessments of the encaje conclude that it may have generated some small economic … of small and medium-sized companies in Chile, however, claim that the encaje made it substantially more difficult to …-equation framework. Results indicate that during the encaje, smaller traded firms in Chile experienced significant financial constraints …

ventures have better export performance than private domestic firms in financially more vulnerable sectors. These results are …

manufacturing industries in Chile. We find that our measure does differ substantially from other widely used measures with …

We use data on Chinese manufacturing firms to study the connection between individual firm imports and firm export … of their exports and increased their export scope, though the magnitude of the effects differed by import source, firm … non-OECD countries generated larger firm export improvements, that private Chinese firms derived larger benefits from …

direct investment by U.S. firms and the export trade of the United States, a subject of bitter controversy for at least the …