vote Democratic. This switch is an aggregation reversal, where an individual relationship, like income and Republicanism …, is reversed at some level of aggregation. Aggregation reversals can occur when an independent variable impacts an outcome … decreases belief in Republican social causes. If beliefs are learned socially, then aggregation can magnify the connection …

characteristics. A key decision for researchers in estimating this relationship is the level of aggregation, since the gravity … equation is log linear, whereas aggregation involves summing the level rather than the log level of trade flows. In this paper …

studies using more aggregated data. We demonstrate directly that higher levels of spatial and temporal aggregation generate …

This paper develops a general theory of aggregation in inefficient economies. We provide non-parametric formulas for …