Twenty-five cohorts of medical students were asked in their first and fourth year of school to estimate contemporaneous … physician income in six different specialties. The students' income estimation errors varied systematically over time and cross … absolute value of the estimation errors was 26 percent of actual income. Students were 35 percent more accurate when estimating …

. This study also presents empirical evidence from a laboratory experiment in which students at a selective college were …

Using administrative data from a large 4-year public university, we show that male students are 18.6 percent more … likely than female students to receive favorable grade changes initiated by instructors. These gender differences cannot be … explained by observable characteristics of the students, instructors, and the classes. To understand the mechanisms underlying …

relationships with empirical differences-of-opinion proxies are consistent with the model …

sample of 656 undergraduate students, tracking the evolution of their beliefs about their own relative performance on an IQ …