the latest available data from the World Bank, finding that road-sector subsidies for gasoline and diesel totaled $110 … the fact that many countries provide subsidies for gasoline and diesel. This paper examines global fuel subsidies using … billion in 2012. Pricing fuels below cost is inefficient because it leads to overconsumption. Under baseline assumptions about …

Despite increasing calls for reform many countries continue to provide subsidies for gasoline and diesel. This paper … quantifies the external costs of global fuel subsidies using the latest available data and estimates from the World Bank and … unlikely to cost-effectively reduce these externalities as they do little to address traffic congestion or accidents, and only …

pipeline spills and accidents, important externalities – air pollution and greenhouse gas costs – have been largely overlooked …

strategy to world shipbuilding, a classic target of industrial policy. I find strong evidence consistent with China having … intervened and reducing shipyard costs by 13-20%, corresponding to 1:5 to 4:5 billion US dollars, between 2006 and 2012. The … subsidies led to substantial reallocation of ship production across the world, with Japan, in particular, losing significant …

, the real price of oil has tended to be highly persistent and volatile whenever rapid industrialization in a major world …

subsidy for electric vehicles and the optimal ban on the production of gasoline vehicles both give about the same efficiency … electricity generation, the increasing substitutability of electric for gasoline vehicles, and the durability of the vehicle stock … improvement, but the latter leads to a sharp increase in gasoline vehicle production just before the ban. Phasing out gasoline …

populism, of differing approaches to the problems of monopoly, externalities and market breakdowns in asset insurance. If there …