Has rising import competition contributed to the polarization of U.S. politics? Analyzing outcomes from the 2002 and … records, we find strong evidence that congressional districts exposed to larger increases in import penetration …

US, France, Germany and the UK. These measures of managerial practice are strongly associated with firm …

. Their vote share increases with import competition and decreases with export access opportunities. We unpack mechanisms …We identify the causal effect of trade-integration with China and Eastern Europe on voting in Germany from 1987 to 2009 …

market of the host country and to export to other markets outside the host country. In this paper, I examine the determinants … away export platforms – i.e. they do not allow foreign affiliates of multinationals to export – or by ignoring fixed costs … multinational firms that engage in export platform sales and that face fixed costs of foreign investment. I first estimate the model …

formal quantitative analysis. We begin with studies of the Dutch Republic, England, the U.S., France, Germany and Japan that …

increasing import penetration, China's entry into the WTO, and growing US multinational employment abroad. We find significant …