date, have largely concluded that patent pools have been associated with reduced rates of technical innovation in the …. As theory seems to predict, the empirical effects of patent pools on innovation are likely to be ambiguous, dependent on …The impact of patent pools on the rate and direction of technological change is an open question in both theoretical …

after the end of the process and fully exploit their bargaining leverage, then patent holders aspire to disclose always … after the end of the process. However, if a patent holder cannot rely on the other participants to always contribute to the … cross-licensing agreements that eliminate the strategic aspect of patent disclosure, and show that, in an institutional …

patent race where firms do R&D to develop products that are close substitutes. The effects of a standard are shown to depend …

parties to a standard. We develop a simple model of the disclosure process to illustrate the link between SSO rules and patent …

We empirically examine the effects of industry consortia on the coordination of innovation strategies of the members … tend to build on inventions by firm peers who were members in the same consortia, controlling for patent or firm fixed … incentives to invest in R&D by internalizing potential externalities. They may also enhance efficiency of standardization by …

methodological challenges by measuring standardization via national penetration of ISO 9000, allowing standardization to manifest via …-signaling augmenting country-pair trade. Yet, ISO-rich nations (most notably European) benefit the most from standardization, while ISO …